reconsiDer: TIDBIT
Well the jury is back from Ed Rosenthal's marijuana trial and
they voted to convict BUT... they are decidedly unhappy about their decision.
Though Rosenthal was working as an officer of the City of Oakland, deputized to
grow cannabis for those in need of it for medical reasons, perfectly legal under
California law, the federal government is trying to imprison him for
years! Jurors were not allowed to hear of his legal status or the purpose
of his efforts. He was portrayed to the jurors as simply a large drug
dealer. Now the trial is over the jurors are horrified at what happened at this
travesty of justice. In an editorial the NY Times said about this case "The Bush
administration's war on medical marijuana is not only misguided but
mean-spirited. Doctors have long recognized marijuana's value in reducing pain
and aiding in the treatment of cancer and AIDS, among other diseases." When I
was growing up civil rights, state's rights, and jury nullification were daily
headline news across the country...this trial has received remarkable little
press nationwide, and much of what it has received is sketchy. These days, it
seems, we have moved away from such concerns as we readily accept the primacy of
federal law, a decidedly worrying state of affairs.
JURORS DENOUNCE THEIR
OWN VERDICT
After she and her fellow jurors found Ed
Rosenthal guilty of federal marijuana cultivation and conspiracy charges in San
Francisco last week, Marney Craig discovered that she had made a terrible
mistake.
Instead of the "businessman" she thought she had convicted,
Craig learned that Rosenthal, was, in fact, a widely published
marijuana
advocate who had been asked to grow medical cannabis for critically
ill patients. The judge had kept this information from jurors,
because
Rosenthal was tried under federal drug laws that do not recognize the
medicinal use of marijuana.
"What happened was a travesty and it's
unbelievable, unbelievable that this man was convicted. I am just
devastated," said Craig. "We made a
terrible mistake and he should not be
going to prison for this."
Craig is not alone in her remorse. Five other
jurors, including the jury foreman, are expected to join Craig to denounce the
verdict in a
joint press conference this week. The event will take place
immediately after a hearing to determine whether prosecutors will
succeed in
revoking Rosenthal's $200,000 cash bond and send him to jail until sentencing on
June 4. Attorneys for Rosenthal, who is
facing five to 20 years in prison,
say they will ask an appeals court for a new trial.
"I was not allowed to
tell my story," said Rosenthal. "If the jury had been allowed to hear the whole
truth, and nothing but the truth, I
would have been acquitted."
Juror
Debra DeMartini said she was distressed to discover that Rosenthal had been
deputized by the city of Oakland, California to
grow marijuana for its
medical cannabis program. Oakland city officials testified during pre-trail
hearings that they had tried to
reconcile the conflict between the federal
Controlled Substances Act, which bans all marijuana cultivation, and
California's Compassionate
Use Act (Prop. 215) which permits patients to
possess, consume and grow their own medical cannabis.
In an effort to
provide medical cannabis to patients who could not grow their own, the city
granted Rosenthal immunity from prosecution
under a section of the Controlled
Substances Act. But U.S. District Judge Charles Breyer halted every attempt by
the defense team to
directly tell jurors for whom Rosenthal's marijuana was
being grown and blocked city officials from explaining Rosenthal's
deputization
during the trial.
"If I had known that he was told he
could grow this by the city, that would have raised some questions for me in
front of the judge," said
DeMartini. "It's a waste of taxpayer money to bring
these cases and prosecute people."
Craig sobbed as she recounted her
growing concern during the trial that Judge Breyer was withholding critical
information. Craig said she
became alarmed when the judge took over
questioning of the witnesses, when he repeatedly cut off the defense attorney,
and when she saw
protest signs in front of the courthouse suggesting that
jurors were not fully informed.
"The more information we get, the more we
realize how manipulated and controlled the whole situation was, and that we were
pawns in this
much larger game," says Craig. "As residents, we voted to
legalize medical marijuana and now we are forced to sit here and not take
any
of this into consideration?
"In some sense it is a major setback,
and in another it is a call to arms,"said Jeff Jones, executive director of the
Oakland Cannabis
Buyers' Cooperative, one of the medical marijuana clubs that
Rosenthal was growing for.
Rosenthal's trail was attended by a number of
medical marijuana patients, many of whom wept when the verdict was announced.
Nicholas
Feldman, a quadrapalegic cerebral palsy patient who says he smokes
medical cannabis to ease the pain and spasticity in his limbs, was one
of
several people who arrived in court in a wheelchair. "How can they do this to
us? People are in pain and it means a lot to us as citizens
not to see a
person suffer." said Feldman. "I stand here to day for people who could end up
in jail for helping to ease my pain."
Despite the emotion surrounding the
case, some jurors felt that they had no choice but to follow judge Rosenthal's
instructions, based on
the evidence in front of them. DEA agents testified
that they seized thousands of marijuana plants and cuttings at a San Francisco
medical
marijuana club, and at an Oakland warehouse owned by Rosenthal. But
jurors said they distrusted the testimony and based their convictions
on
video tapes of the marijuana grow sites. They found that Rosenthal conspired
with others at the club to grow not more than 1,000
marijuana plants, as the
prosecutor claimed, but more than 100 marijuana plants, a fact which will affect
Rosenthal's sentencing.
Jurors also found him guilty of growing more than 100
plants at the warehouse and maintaining a place to grow
marijuana.
Shortly after the verdict was read, juror Bill Zemke walked
solemnly from the courthouse past two medical marijuana patients who
sat
weeping. "We considered the evidence in the case, the evidence that we
could review, it was not an easy decision," said Zemke evenly.
[Medical
cannabis] was in the back of everyone's mind, a factor in the case, but it was
not in the evidence in this case."
"We have state's rights," shouted the
disconsolate patient, "you can't lock all of us up."
Jurors Have
Power But Not The City
Jury foreman Charles Sackett agreed with
Zemke that jurors came to the only conclusion that they could have, given the
information they were
provided. But he said he supports medical marijuana and
hopes Rosenthal will win his appeal. "The medical issue was not
introduced
into the court proceedings, it was never an issue for us," said
Sackett. "We weren't allowed to discuss it amongst ourselves,
ever."
Sackett says he's now intrigued by the idea of jury nullification,
which he says none of the jurors was aware of. Jury nullification is a
legal
principal which allows the jury to find a defendant innocent if the law itself
is unjust or unjust in a particular application. Would
jurors have taken the
option of jury nullification in Rosenthal's case? "It would be speculation on my
part, but it's very possible;
dare I say, probable," says Sackett. "I think
jury nullification is going to be part of the answer regarding states' rights in
future cases."
Down at San Francisco City Hall, Matt Gonzalez, president
of the city's Board of Supervisors, or city council, said jurors in
cases
like Rosenthal's should know that they can simply refuse to follow
federal law. "The judge is not giving the jury any space, whatsoever,
to
engage in what has been an extremely long tradition in common law as it relates
to jury nullification," said Gonzalez.
Craig said she believed that if
she had taken a stand during deliberations and said the federal law was wrong,
she would have been
removed from the jury. "I didn't know what would happen
to us if we didn't follow the rules, how much trouble I would get into,"
said
Craig. "I was totally intimidated into going along with the verdict
because I didn't see any other way."
San Francisco public defender Jeff
Adachi noted that there have been a number of decisions involving jury
nullification in which judges have
removed jurors who have refused to
convict. But he said a jury instruction that permitted this was ruled to be
unconstitutional in
the last year. "Over the past 20 years, there has been a
movement to limit the power of the jury by keeping the jury ignorant of
the
facts," said Adachi. "Jury nullification is a constitutional right that
every individual person who is called for jury duty possesses,
and unless we
appreciate that right, we will lose it because the courts will take it from
us."
In the meantime, Adachi warned that Rosenthal's conviction will
encourage federal authorities to arrest more medical cannabis growers
and
distributors. "The kind of prosecution that we are seeing in the Rosenthal case
could be multiplied 50 or 100 times over in the next
year or two here," said
Adachi.
Despite the warning of coming prosecutions, Rosenthal's attorney
Bill Simpich noted that city officials were absent during Rosenthal's
trial.
While Prop. 215 passed by 78 percent in San Francisco, he said officials have
been slow to comply with a recent ballot initiative
ordering them to
investigate a city-run medical cannabis growing and distribution
system.
"'The single biggest thing that hurt us is that we did not have
the cities of San Francisco and Oakland by our side," said Simpich.
"They
were not there and if they had been there we would have won. They made
a mistake and the time to correct it is now."
Simpich is calling for
California cities and counties to continue immunizing medical cannabis
caregivers because the judge's
condemnation of this tactic applies only to
those cases in front of him. "I'd love to get deputized," said Bob Martin,
proprietor of the
San Francisco's Compassion and Care Center medical
marijuana club. "We are scared every day."
Gonzales says he is still
meeting with officials and legal advisers to review the city's options. DEA
spokesman Richard Meyer has made it
clear that any San Francisco city
authority involved growing or distributing medical marijuana will be subject to
arrest and property forfeiture.
Craig said she upheld federal law and
convicted Rosenthal because she felt she didn't have any choice. But she says
that following
instructions was no excuse for not acting on her conscience
and refusing to convict a medical marijuana grower. "Anyone who said I
was
just following orders ... well yeah, we just wiped out this village in
Viet Nam, we were just following orders, or the Europeans turning away
when
the Jews were taken away by the Nazis. We are no better than that if we can't
take a stand for what we believe in," said Craig.
"I feel like if I had
done something in this trial, even if I had been thrown off the jury, it would
have made a difference because it would
have been on the record that someone
said 'No,' and that is something I have to live with."
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